Síndrome de Cotard y retraso mental: reporte de un caso / Cotard syndrome and intellectual disability: a case report

Resumen El síndrome de Cotard, descrito en la historia por presentar diferentes tipos de delirios siendo el principal el nihilista o de negación, ha sido reportado en diversos trastornos neuropsiquiátricos; sin embargo, existe poca literatura que lo refiera en el contexto de retraso mental, por lo que el objetivo del trabajo es examinar las características del Síndrome de Cotard a propósito de un reporte de caso. Presentamos a un paciente de 19 años que cumple con los criterios para Retraso mental y Síndrome de Cortad. Se revisó la literatura, hallando sucinta data en que se presente cuadros similares. Sería muy recomendable continuar evaluando con mayor profundidad la asociación entre retraso mental y síndrome de Cotard e investigar la respuesta al tratamiento, dado que no existen protocolos en nuestra región.

Cotard syndrome, described in the history for presenting different types of delusions being the principal as the nihilistic delusion or delusion of negation, was reported on neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is little literature that refers to it in the context of mental retardation. The aim of this report case is to explore the characteristics of Cotard syndrome. We present a 19 year-old boy who complete criteria for intellectual disability and Cotard syndorme. The literature was reviewed, finding succinct data associated to cases like this. We recommend to evaluate deeply the association between intellectual disability and Cotard syndrome and to research the treatment, given that there are no protocols in our region.

Trombosis senovenosa cerebral en un recién nacido con mutación MTHFR C677T tratado con enoxaparina / Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a newborn with mutation of MTHFR C677T treated with enoxaparin

Resumen: Introducción: La trombosis senovenosa cerebral neonatal (TSVC), es una patología rara y generalmente grave, de la cual se conoce poco sobre los mecanismos fisiopatológicos responsables y, aunque controvertido, se ha sugerido que la trombofilia genética, puede desempeñar un rol en la patogénesis. Debido a los temores de un sangrado intracraneal el tratamiento anticoagulante con heparina de bajo peso mole cular es controvertido. Objetivo: presentar un recién nacido con una trombosis senovenosa cerebral neonatal, discutir los factores de riesgo trombofílico, y el manejo con heparina de bajo peso molecu lar de la trombosis venosa cerebral. Caso Clínico: Recién nacido de término que debutó a los 8 días de vida con convulsiones clónicas, rechazo al pecho más hipoactividad motora. La neuroimagen con RM mostró una TSVC involucrando múltiples senos venosos, un infarto hemorrágico talámico dere cho y congestión venosa de la sustancia blanca frontal. El estudio de trombofilia puso de relieve una mutación homocigota del gen MTHFR C677T. El tratamiento con heparina de bajo peso molecular se asoció a repermeabilización del seno sagital superior a los 23 días de iniciada la terapia. Conclusio nes: La presentación clínica de la TSVC en el neonato es inespecífica, probablemente en relación con la extensión y gravedad de la lesión y el desarrollo de complicaciones asociadas, como infartos he morrágicos venosos intraparenquimatosos o hemorragia intraventricular. Estas complicaciones son detectables mediante Ecografia o Resonancia Magnética, y deben hacer sospechar una TSVC. En esta experiencia el tratamiento anticoagulante mostró ser seguro y prevenir la extensión de la trombosis.

Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSNT) is a rare and generally serious con dition about which there is little knowledge of the responsible pathophysiological mechanisms and, although controversial, it has been suggested that genetic thrombophilia may play a role in its patho genesis. Out of concern for intracranial bleeding, the anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular- weight heparin is controversial. Objective: To present a case of a newborn with neonatal CSNT, to analyze the thrombophilic risk factors, and the management of cerebral venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Clinical Case: Full-term newborn who presented at eight days of life breastfeeding rejection, clonic seizures, and locomotor hypoactivity. The MRI neuroimaging showed a CSNT involving multiple venous sinuses, a right thalamic hemorrhagic infarction, and venous congestion in frontal white matter. Thrombophilia study highlighted a homozygous MTHFR C677T mutation. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin was associated with repermeabilization of the superior sagittal sinus after 23 days of starting therapy. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of CSNT in the neonate is nonspecific, probably related to the extent and severity of the injury and the development of associated complications, such as venous hemorrhagic infarctions and intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage. These complications are detected through ultrasound or MRI, and they should make us suspect a CSNT. In this experience, the anticoagulant treatment proved to be safe and prevents thrombus propagation.

L-methylfolate, a new option in psychiatric treatment, would it be linked to psoriasis relapse? / L-metilfolato, uma nova opção no tratamento psiquiátrico, estaria ligado à recaída de psoríase?

ABSTRACT We report a case of a 61-years-old woman in remission of psoriasis for 20 years. She presented recurrence of psoriasis in the form of plaques few days after taking L-methylfolate 15mg/day. The L-methylfolate was prescribed as an adjuvant for the treatment of depression in a patient with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism (MTHFR).

RESUMO Paciente do sexo feminino, 61 anos, em remissão da psoríase por 20 anos. Apresentou recidiva de psoríase em forma de placas poucos dias após início de tratamento L-metilfolato na dose diária de 15mg. O L-metilfolato foi prescrito como terapêutica coadjuvante para tratamento de depressão em paciente portadora do polimorfismo do gene metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase.

Recaídas de pacientes no primeiro episódio psicótico e fatores relacionados: estudo prospectivo / Relapses of patients with a first episode of psychosis and related factors: prospective study

As recaídas e as reinternações podem piorar o prognóstico do paciente no primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP) e afetar sua qualidade de vida e de sua família. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores relacionados às recaídas psicóticas de pacientes no PEP, tais como o ambiente familiar: níveis de emoção expressa (EE) e seus componentes - comentários críticos (CC) e superenvolvimento emocional (SEE), adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) e a presença de depressão. Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com pacientes em seguimento em um ambulatório de PEP de um hospital universitário e seus familiares. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista com os pacientes e seus familiares no período de julho de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Na baseline foram aplicados aos familiares um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e o Family Questionnaire - Versão Português do Brasil (FQ-VPB). Aos pacientes foram aplicados um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT), o Questionário para triagem do uso de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias (ASSIST/OMS), a Escala de Severidade da Dependência de Drogas (SDS) para avaliar o uso de cannabis e o Módulo A da Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), versão brasileira 5.0.0. para avaliar a presença de depressão. Além disso, os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliações dos sintomas psicóticos durante o período de seis meses após a entrevista inicial (T0 a T6) por meio da aplicação da Escala Breve de Avaliação Psiquiátrica (BPRS). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se de estatística descritiva, análise bivariada e regressão logística binária. O nível de significância adotado foi de ? = 0,05. Quanto aos resultados, 29,2% dos pacientes no PEP apresentaram recidiva de sintomas psicóticos durante o período de seguimento de seis meses. A análise de regressão logística binária sugere que ambiente familiar com elevados níveis de SEE, a presença de sintomas depressivos e o uso de cannabis nos últimos três meses por pacientes na fase inicial da psicose foram preditores da ocorrência de recaídas durante seis meses de seguimento prospectivo. Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar na implementação de ações voltadas à prevenção de recaídas e promoção de saúde para pacientes no PEP e suas famílias

Relapses and rehospitalizations may worsen the patient's prognosis in the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and affect his/her quality of life and the quality of life of patients' family members. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the related factors to psychotic relapses in FEP patients, such as the family environment: levels of expressed emotion (EE) and its components - critical comments (CC) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI); adherence to drug treatment; use of psychoactive substances (PAS); and the presence of depression. A prospective cohort study with 65 FEP outpatients followed-up at a university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and their relatives. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the patients and their relatives from July 2017 to December 2018. At baseline were applied to the family members a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the Brazilian version of Family Questionnaire (FQ-VPB). For the FEP patients were applied a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS); the Brazilian version of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST/WHO); the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) to evaluate the cannabis use and the Module A of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to evaluate the presence of depression. Additionally, patients were submitted to evaluations regarding the presence of relapses through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during six-months after the initial interview (T0 to T6). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The level of significance was ? = 0.05. Regarding the results, 29.2% of the patients in the FEP presented relapse of psychotic symptoms during the sixmonth follow-up period. Binary logistic regression analysis suggests that family environment with high levels of EOI, the presence of depressive symptoms and cannabis use in the last three months by patients with early psychosis were predictors of relapse occurrence during six-months of follow-up. The results of this study may help in the implementation of actions aimed to relapse prevention and health promotion for patients in FEP and their families

Revisión de trastornos psiquiátricos en enfermedad de Parkinson (EP): a propósito de un caso / Review of psychiatric disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD): about a case

La Enfermedad de Parkinson se inicia generalmente en las personas entre los 50 y 60 años, La mayoría de los pacientes de Parkinson se encuentran en situación de doble vulnerabilidad: vejez y discapacidad. El objetivo del tratamiento es reducir la velocidad de progresión de la enfermedad, controlar los síntomas y los efectos secundarios derivados de los fármacos que se usan para tratarla. La presentación de las alteraciones psiquiátricas se caracteriza por episodios de alucinaciones, trastornos confusionales, trastornos del control de los impulsos, hipersexualidad o Parasomnias, siendo de presentación habitualmente vespertina. Estos pueden evolucionar llegando a cuadros de psicosis, estados confusionales crónicos, ideas delirantes en forma permanente, con alto contenido paranoide, existiendo un gran riesgo de intentos suicidas.

Parkinson's disease usually begins in people between the ages of 50 and 60. Most Parkinson's patients are in a situation of double vulnerability: old age and disability. The goal of treatment is to reduce the rate of progression of the disease, control of the symptoms and side effects derived from the drugs used to treat it. The presentation of the psychiatric alterations is characterized by episodes of hallucinations, confusional disorders, disorders of the control of the impulses, hypersexuality or Parasomnias, being usually of evening presentation. These can evolve into psychosis, chronic confusional states, persistent delusional ideas, with high paranoid content, and there is a high risk of suicide attempts.

Trastorno de espectro autista y psicosis / Autism spectrum disorder and psychosis

Paciente Felipe S. S., 24 años. Soltero. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. Antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares (+). A 2 años, el diagnóstico de Autismo. Escuela especial hasta los 15 años. 18 años: conducta disruptiva, irritable, agresivo, intento de suicido. Examen mental en contexto hospitalario: Contacto autista, asintónico. Hipomímico, con escasos movimientos complementarios. Con signos catatónicos de presentación intermitente (imantación, pseudoflexibilidad cérea). Además, presenta frecuentemente ecolalia. Presencia de alucinaciones auditivas (impresionan del mundo externo, a veces personificadas y otras anónimas), visuales y cinestésicas. Presenta constantes desajustes conductuales, con inquietud psicomotora transitoria y reiteradas agresiones hacia personal. Tratamiento farmacológico: Clozapina 500 mg. al día. Olanzapina 30 mg al día. Ácido Valproico 750 mg al día.

Felipe S. S., 24 years old. Single. Special school up to 15 years. Family psychiatric history (+). At 2 years, the diagnosis of Autism. Special school up to 15 years. 18 years: disruptive, irritable, aggressive behavior, attempted suicide. Mental examination in hospital context: Autistic, asyntonic contact. Hipomimic, with few complementary movements. With catatonic signs of intermittent presentation (magnetization, waxy pseudoflexibility). In addition, he frequently presents echolalia. Presence of auditory hallucinations (impressions of the external world, sometimes personified and others anonymous), visual and kinesthetic. He presents constant behavioral imbalances, with transient psychomotor restlessness and repeated aggressions towards personnel. Pharmacological treatment: Clozapine 500 mg. up to date. Olanzapine 30 mg daily. Valproic Acid 750 mg daily.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) into Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Questionário de Função Sexual (SFQ) para o português do Brasil

Abstract Introduction Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with psychotic illness. This article describes the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed the guidelines for adapting self-report instruments proposed by the Task Force of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Briefly, ISPOR steps include: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, back-translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing and finalization, before proofreading and final version. The original authors authorized the translation and participated in the study. Results There was good agreement between translations and between the back-translation and the original English version of the SFQ. The final version was prepared with certificated evaluators in the original language and in Portuguese. Few changes were necessary to the new version in Portuguese. Conclusion The translated and adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the SFQ is reliable and semantically equivalent to the original version. Studies on psychotropic-related sexual dysfunction may now test the validity of the instrument and can investigate sexual dysfunction in Portuguese-speaking patients.

Resumo Introdução A disfunção sexual é comum em pacientes com doença psicótica. Este artigo descreve a tradução e adaptação transcultural do Questionário de Função Sexual (SFQ) para o português do Brasil. Métodos A tradução e a adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes para a adaptação de instrumentos de autorrelato propostas pela Força-Tarefa da Sociedade Internacional de Pesquisa Farmacológica e de Resultados (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, ISPOR). As etapas da ISPOR incluem: preparação, primeiras traduções, reconciliação, retrotradução, revisão da retrotradução, harmonização, interrogatório cognitivo, revisão do interrogatório cognitivo e finalização, antes da revisão e versão final. Os autores originais autorizaram a tradução e participaram do estudo. Resultados Houve boa concordância entre as traduções e entre a retrotradução e a versão original em inglês do SFQ. A versão final foi preparada com avaliadores certificados na língua original e em português. Poucas mudanças foram necessárias para a nova versão em português. Conclusão A versão brasileira traduzida e adaptada do SFQ é confiável e semanticamente equivalente à versão original. Estudos sobre disfunção sexual relacionada a psicotrópicos podem agora testar a validade do instrumento e investigar a disfunção sexual em pacientes brasileiros.

Evidence-Based, Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Depression in Korea, Revised Edition

This paper aims to introduce, summarize, and emphasize the importance of the 'Evidence-Based, Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Depression in Korea, Revised Edition'. The guideline broadly covers most aspects of the pharmacological treatment of patients in Korea diagnosed with moderate to severe major depression according to the DSM-IV TR. The guideline establishment process involved determining and answering a number of key questions, searching and selecting publications, evaluating recommendations, preparing guideline drafts, undergoing external expert reviews, and obtaining approval. A guideline adaptation process was conducted for the revised edition. The guideline strongly recommends pharmacological treatment considered appropriate to the current clinical situation in Korea, and should be considered helpful when selecting the appropriate pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Therefore, the wide distribution of this guideline is recommended.

Determinants of Acute Dystonia in First Episode of Psychotic Patients Treated with Haloperidol and Centbutindole.

Objectives: To assess the factors affecting of acute dystonia in first episode psychotic patients taken haloperidol and centbutindole Method and Procedure: Total 54 patients (Schizophrenia, manic, psychotic) taken for the study from the psychiatry O.P.D. K.G.M.C Lucknow. The age group of patients were between the 17 to 55 years. This study was double blind and prospective. Patients were randomly administered Holoperidol (5 mg) TDS or Centbutindole (1.5 mg) TDS. The total period of study was 2 weeks, if any abnormal movements developed during this period the criteria for acute dystonia was applied. Tools: Semi structured proforma, International Classification of Disease — 10. Diagnostic and research criteria for neuroleptic induced acute dystonia, Scale for assessment of torsion dystonia. Beck and Refaelsen Mania Rating Scale: for manic patient only, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: On all patients was used. Result: The results show that acute dystonia was higher among the manic patients, younger age, married, male between the age group 17-25 year and duration of illness 1-3 months. It was also higher among those patients who have psychiatric family history.

Síndrome de Clérambault: desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico / De Clérambault's syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

A síndrome de Clérambault, ou erotomania, é descrita como uma convicção delirante, apresentada, geralmente, por uma mulher que acredita que um homem, mais velho e de posição social mais elevada, ama-a. O paciente persegue o objeto de amor e, por isso, eventualmente, envolve-se em retaliações e ameaças em resposta às repetidas rejeições. Relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 42 anos que iniciou quadro delirante há 19 anos, após primeira gestação. Foi admitida em nosso serviço há 3 meses. No início do tratamento, quando o antipsicótico foi introduzido, apresentou remissão do delírio. Essa síndrome é incomum, mas não significa que seja rara em nossa prática. Um bom entendimento da extensão psicopatológica pode aumentar o reconhecimento dessa condição psiquiátrica.

De Clérambault's syndrome or erotomania is described as a delusional conviction, in which a woman usually believes that an older man of higher social status is passionately in love with her. The patient's relentless pursuit of the delusional love object can eventually involve threats or retaliation, in response to repeated rejection. This case report is about a 42-year-old female who initiated the delusional conviction 19 years ago, after her first pregnancy. She was admitted to our service 3 months ago. In the beginning of the treatment, when the antipsychotic was introduced the patient exhibited decreasing of delusions. This disorder is uncommon but it does not mean that it is rare in our practice. A greater awareness of psychopathological extension may increase the recognition of this psychiatric condition.

Delirios parasitarios (una lectura que interroga una gran obra de Jhon koo) / Delusions of parasitosis

A través de este trabajo afectúo un recorrido sobre el que considero el trabajo más importante de la bibliografía sobre delirios parasitarios. Presento una nueva lectura de éste, desde la teoría psicoanalítica a través de mi interpretación del pensamiento Freud-Lacan. Aplicando los conceptos mencionados en la bibliografía, se llegó a ayudar a un grupo de pacientes. Aplicando la escucha psicoanalítica se puede beneficiar a unos otros

Produção científica sobre o acompanhamento terapêutico no Brasil de 1960 a 2003: uma análise crítica / The scientific writing about the therapeutic accompaniment in Brazil from 1960 to 2003: critical analysis

Este é um estudo bibliográfico que analisa as produções científicas referentes ao tema acompanhamento terapêutico, no período entre 1960 e 2003, com o objetivo de identificar os temas emergentes dessa produção e estabelecer o que é o acompanhamento terapêutico para os agentes dessa prática. Foram selecionados cinco temas emergentes: objetivos, funções e definições de acompanhamento terapêutico; a quem se destina o seu trabalho; o perfil do profissional; características e modos de realizar a clínica no acompanhamento terapêutico; e fundamentação teórica do trabalho. Verificou-se que sua especificidade é o setting ampliado e pode estar relacionado a diferentes perspectivas teóricas

Psicose reacional / Reactive psychosis

Os autores fazem uma revisão na literatura sobre psicose reacional, enfatizando seus aspectos sociais, etiológicos, prognósticos, dando prioridade à dificuldade de seu diagnóstico

Status epiléptico no convulsivo: una entidad heterogénea de difícil diagnóstico. Reporte de dos casos con presentación inusual / Non convulsive status epilepticus: an heterogeneous disease with a difficult diagnosis. Report of 2 cases with unusual presentation

Non convulsive status epilepticus is a heterogeneous condition consisting of very different electroclinical syndromes. It is difficult to make the diagnosis and identify common factors among patients. We report two cases with an unusual presentation. A 31 years old woman having discoid lupus presented with a prolonged exogenous psychosis that lasted two and half months, associated to echolalia. After the episode the patient remained with a severe frontal syndrome that could be the consequence of a non convulsive status epilepticus. A 60 years old woman with an epilepsy diagnosed at the age of 30, presented with recurrent episodes of aphasia. During one of these crises, the electroencephalogram showed continuous epileptiform activity.

Complete remission of epileptic psychosis after temporal lobectomy: case report

We report a case of a female patient with refractory complex partial seizures since 15 years of age, recurrent postictal psychotic episodes since 35 which evolved to a chronic refractory interictal psychosis and MRI with right mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). After a comprehensive investigation (video-EEG intensive monitoring, interictal and ictal SPECT, and a neuropsychological evaluation including WADA test) she was submitted to a right temporal lobectomy. Since then, she has been seizure-free with remission of psychosis, although with some persistence of personality traits (hiperreligiosity, viscosity) which had been present before surgery. This case supports the idea that temporal lobectomy can be a safe and effective therapeutic measure for patients with MTS, refractory epilepsy and recurrent postictal epileptic psychosis or interictal epileptic psychosis with postictal exacerbation